feat(work): add new LeetCode solutions for median, largest rectangle, and simplify path

work/1/Hard/Array/4.median-of-two-sorted-arrays.py

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+"""
+4. Median of Two Sorted Arrays
+Difficulty: Hard
+https://leetcode.com/problems/median-of-two-sorted-arrays/
+
+──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+Given two sorted arrays nums1 and nums2 of size m and n respectively,
+return the median of the two sorted arrays.
+
+The overall run time complexity should be O(log (m+n)).
+
+ 
+
+Example 1:
+
+Input: nums1 = [1,3], nums2 = [2]
+Output: 2.00000
+Explanation: merged array = [1,2,3] and median is 2.
+
+Example 2:
+
+Input: nums1 = [1,2], nums2 = [3,4]
+Output: 2.50000
+Explanation: merged array = [1,2,3,4] and median is (2 + 3) / 2 = 2.5.
+
+ 
+
+Constraints:
+
+	• nums1.length == m
+
+	• nums2.length == n
+
+	• 0 <= m <= 1000
+
+	• 0 <= n <= 1000
+
+	• 1 <= m + n <= 2000
+
+	• -10^6 <= nums1[i], nums2[i] <= 10^6
+"""
+
+class Solution:
+    def findMedianSortedArrays(self, nums1: list[int], nums2: list[int]) -> float:
+        

work/1/Hard/Array/84.largest-rectangle-in-histogram.py

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+"""
+84. Largest Rectangle in Histogram
+Difficulty: Hard
+https://leetcode.com/problems/largest-rectangle-in-histogram/
+
+──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+Given an array of integers heights representing the histogram's bar
+height where the width of each bar is 1, return the area of the
+largest rectangle in the histogram.
+
+ 
+
+Example 1:
+
+Input: heights = [2,1,5,6,2,3]
+Output: 10
+Explanation: The above is a histogram where width of each bar is 1.
+The largest rectangle is shown in the red area, which has an area =
+10 units.
+
+Example 2:
+
+Input: heights = [2,4]
+Output: 4
+
+ 
+
+Constraints:
+
+	• 1 <= heights.length <= 10^5
+
+	• 0 <= heights[i] <= 10^4
+"""
+
+class Solution:
+    def largestRectangleArea(self, heights: list[int]) -> int:
+        

work/1/Medium/String/71.simplify-path.py

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+"""
+71. Simplify Path
+Difficulty: Medium
+https://leetcode.com/problems/simplify-path/
+
+──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+You are given an absolute path for a Unix-style file system, which
+always begins with a slash '/'. Your task is to transform this
+absolute path into its simplified canonical path.
+
+The rules of a Unix-style file system are as follows:
+
+        • A single period '.' represents the current directory.
+
+        • A double period '..' represents the previous/parent directory.
+
+• Multiple consecutive slashes such as '//' and '///' are treated as
+a single slash '/'.
+
+• Any sequence of periods that does not match the rules above should
+be treated as a valid directory or file name. For example, '...' and
+'....' are valid directory or file names.
+
+The simplified canonical path should follow these rules:
+
+        • The path must start with a single slash '/'.
+
+• Directories within the path must be separated by exactly one slash
+'/'.
+
+• The path must not end with a slash '/', unless it is the root
+directory.
+
+• The path must not have any single or double periods ('.' and '..')
+used to denote current or parent directories.
+
+Return the simplified canonical path.
+
+
+
+Example 1:
+
+Input: path = "/home/"
+
+Output: "/home"
+
+Explanation:
+
+The trailing slash should be removed.
+
+Example 2:
+
+Input: path = "/home//foo/"
+
+Output: "/home/foo"
+
+Explanation:
+
+Multiple consecutive slashes are replaced by a single one.
+
+Example 3:
+
+Input: path = "/home/user/Documents/../Pictures"
+
+Output: "/home/user/Pictures"
+
+Explanation:
+
+A double period ".." refers to the directory up a level (the parent
+directory).
+
+Example 4:
+
+Input: path = "/../"
+
+Output: "/"
+
+Explanation:
+
+Going one level up from the root directory is not possible.
+
+Example 5:
+
+Input: path = "/.../a/../b/c/../d/./"
+
+Output: "/.../b/d"
+
+Explanation:
+
+"..." is a valid name for a directory in this problem.
+
+
+
+Constraints:
+
+        • 1 <= path.length <= 3000
+
+• path consists of English letters, digits, period '.', slash '/' or
+'_'.
+
+        • path is a valid absolute Unix path.
+"""
+
+
+class Solution:
+    def simplifyPath(self, path: str) -> str:
+        stack = []
+        segments = [item for item in path.split("/") if item]
+
+        for p in segments:
+            if stack and p == "..":
+                stack.pop()
+            elif not stack and p == ".." or p == ".":
+                continue
+            else:
+                stack.append(p)
+
+        return "/" + "/".join(stack)