feat(work): add new LeetCode solutions for median, largest rectangle, and simplify path

work/1/Medium/String/71.simplify-path.py

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+"""
+71. Simplify Path
+Difficulty: Medium
+https://leetcode.com/problems/simplify-path/
+
+──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+You are given an absolute path for a Unix-style file system, which
+always begins with a slash '/'. Your task is to transform this
+absolute path into its simplified canonical path.
+
+The rules of a Unix-style file system are as follows:
+
+        • A single period '.' represents the current directory.
+
+        • A double period '..' represents the previous/parent directory.
+
+• Multiple consecutive slashes such as '//' and '///' are treated as
+a single slash '/'.
+
+• Any sequence of periods that does not match the rules above should
+be treated as a valid directory or file name. For example, '...' and
+'....' are valid directory or file names.
+
+The simplified canonical path should follow these rules:
+
+        • The path must start with a single slash '/'.
+
+• Directories within the path must be separated by exactly one slash
+'/'.
+
+• The path must not end with a slash '/', unless it is the root
+directory.
+
+• The path must not have any single or double periods ('.' and '..')
+used to denote current or parent directories.
+
+Return the simplified canonical path.
+
+
+
+Example 1:
+
+Input: path = "/home/"
+
+Output: "/home"
+
+Explanation:
+
+The trailing slash should be removed.
+
+Example 2:
+
+Input: path = "/home//foo/"
+
+Output: "/home/foo"
+
+Explanation:
+
+Multiple consecutive slashes are replaced by a single one.
+
+Example 3:
+
+Input: path = "/home/user/Documents/../Pictures"
+
+Output: "/home/user/Pictures"
+
+Explanation:
+
+A double period ".." refers to the directory up a level (the parent
+directory).
+
+Example 4:
+
+Input: path = "/../"
+
+Output: "/"
+
+Explanation:
+
+Going one level up from the root directory is not possible.
+
+Example 5:
+
+Input: path = "/.../a/../b/c/../d/./"
+
+Output: "/.../b/d"
+
+Explanation:
+
+"..." is a valid name for a directory in this problem.
+
+
+
+Constraints:
+
+        • 1 <= path.length <= 3000
+
+• path consists of English letters, digits, period '.', slash '/' or
+'_'.
+
+        • path is a valid absolute Unix path.
+"""
+
+
+class Solution:
+    def simplifyPath(self, path: str) -> str:
+        stack = []
+        segments = [item for item in path.split("/") if item]
+
+        for p in segments:
+            if stack and p == "..":
+                stack.pop()
+            elif not stack and p == ".." or p == ".":
+                continue
+            else:
+                stack.append(p)
+
+        return "/" + "/".join(stack)