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---
title: '208. Implement Trie (Prefix Tree)'
description: A trie (pronounced as "try") or prefix tree is a tree data structure used to efficiently store and retrieve keys in a dataset of strings. There are various applications of this data structure, such as autocomplete and spellchecker
sidebar:
label: 'Implement Trie (Prefix Tree)'
badge: 'Medium'
---
<Badge variant="accent">Hash Table</Badge>
### Example 1:
- Input: ``
- Output: ``
- Explanation: Input ["Trie", "insert", "search", "search", "startsWith", "insert", "search"] `[[]`, `["apple"]`, `["apple"]`, `["app"]`, `["app"]`, `["app"]`, ["app"]] Output [null, null, true, false, true, null, true] Explanation Trie trie = new Trie(); trie.insert("apple"); trie.search("apple"); // return True trie.search("app"); // return False trie.startsWith("app"); // return True trie.insert("app"); trie.search("app"); // return True
### Constraints:
- `1 <= word.length, prefix.length <= 2000`
- `word` and `prefix` consist only of lowercase English letters.
- At most 3 * 10^4 calls in total will be made to insert, search, and startsWith.
## Approach
```mermaid
flowchart TD
subgraph state["state — root TrieNode; every node holds a children dict and an endOfWord flag"]
R["root"] --- C["... children[c] ..."] --- L["endOfWord = True — a word ends here"]
end
subgraph insert["insert(word)"]
I1["cur = root"] --> I2{"more c in word?"}
I2 -- yes --> I3{"c not in cur.children?"}
I3 -- yes --> I4["cur.children[c] = TrieNode()"]
I4 --> I5["cur = cur.children[c]"]
I3 -- no --> I5
I5 --> I2
I2 -- no --> I6["cur.endOfWord = True"]
I6 --> I7(["done"])
end
subgraph search["search(word)"]
S1["cur = root"] --> S2{"more c in word?"}
S2 -- yes --> S3{"c not in cur.children?"}
S3 -- yes --> S4(["return False"])
S3 -- no --> S5["cur = cur.children[c]"]
S5 --> S2
S2 -- no --> S6(["return cur.endOfWord — the path exists, but is it a whole word?"])
end
subgraph startsWith["startsWith(prefix)"]
P1["cur = root"] --> P2{"more c in prefix?"}
P2 -- yes --> P3{"c not in cur.children?"}
P3 -- yes --> P4(["return False"])
P3 -- no --> P5["cur = cur.children[c]"]
P5 --> P2
P2 -- no --> P6(["return True — every prefix char had a path"])
end
state --> insert
state --> search
state --> startsWith
```
## Solution
```py
class TrieNode:
def __init__(self):
self.children = {}
self.endOfWord = False
class Trie:
def __init__(self):
self.root = TrieNode()
def insert(self, word: str) -> None:
cur = self.root
for c in word:
if c not in cur.children:
cur.children[c] = TrieNode()
cur = cur.children[c]
cur.endOfWord = True
def search(self, word: str) -> bool:
cur = self.root
for c in word:
if c not in cur.children:
return False
cur = cur.children[c]
return cur.endOfWord
def startsWith(self, prefix: str) -> bool:
cur = self.root
for c in prefix:
if c not in cur.children:
return False
cur = cur.children[c]
return True
# Your Trie object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = Trie()
# obj.insert(word)
# param_2 = obj.search(word)
# param_3 = obj.startsWith(prefix)
```
## Explanation
<YouTube id="oobqoCJlHA0" title="Implement Trie (Prefix Tree) - Leetcode 208" />
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---
title: '211. Design Add and Search Words Data Structure'
description: Design a data structure that supports adding new words and finding if a string matches any previously added string
sidebar:
label: 'Design Add and Search Words Data Structure'
badge: 'Medium'
---
<Badge variant="accent">String</Badge>
### Constraints:
- `1 <= word.length <= 25`
- `word` in addWord consists of lowercase English letters.
- `word` in search consist of '.' or lowercase English letters.
- There will be at most 2 dots in `word` for search queries.
- At most 10^4 calls will be made to addWord and search.
## Approach
```mermaid
flowchart TD
subgraph state["state — root TrieNode; every node holds a children dict and an endOfWord flag"]
R["root"] --- C["... children[c] ..."] --- L["endOfWord = True — a word ends here"]
end
subgraph addWord["addWord(word)"]
A1["cur = root"] --> A2{"more c in word?"}
A2 -- yes --> A3{"c not in cur.children?"}
A3 -- yes --> A4["cur.children[c] = TrieNode()"]
A4 --> A5["cur = cur.children[c]"]
A3 -- no --> A5
A5 --> A2
A2 -- no --> A6["cur.endOfWord = True"]
A6 --> A7(["done"])
end
subgraph search["search(word)"]
S1["dfs(0, root) — match from index 0 at the root"] --> S2["cur = root"]
S2 --> S3{"more i in range(j, len(word))?"}
S3 -- no --> S4(["return cur.endOfWord"])
S3 -- yes --> S5["c = word[i]"]
S5 --> S6{"c == '.'?"}
S6 -- yes --> S7{"more child in cur.children.values()?"}
S7 -- yes --> S8{"dfs(i + 1, child)? — try the rest of the word from this child"}
S8 -- yes --> S9(["return True"])
S8 -- no --> S7
S7 -- no --> S10(["return False — no child matched the wildcard"])
S6 -- no --> S11{"c not in cur.children?"}
S11 -- yes --> S12(["return False"])
S11 -- no --> S13["cur = cur.children[c]"]
S13 --> S3
end
state --> addWord
state --> search
```
## Solution
```py
class TrieNode:
def __init__(self):
self.children = {}
self.endOfWord = False
class WordDictionary:
def __init__(self):
self.root = TrieNode()
def addWord(self, word: str) -> None:
cur = self.root
for c in word:
if c not in cur.children:
cur.children[c] = TrieNode()
cur = cur.children[c]
cur.endOfWord = True
# Leverage Recursion
def search(self, word: str) -> bool:
def dfs(j, root):
cur = root
for i in range(j, len(word)):
c = word[i]
if c == ".":
for child in cur.children.values():
if dfs(i + 1, child):
return True
return False
else:
if c not in cur.children:
return False
cur = cur.children[c]
return cur.endOfWord
return dfs(0, self.root)
# Your WordDictionary object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = WordDictionary()
# obj.addWord(word)
# param_3 = obj.search(word)
```
## Explanation
<YouTube id="BTf05gs_8iU" title="Design Add and Search Words Data Structure - Leetcode 211 - Python" />
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import { defineMeta } from "blume";
export default defineMeta({ title: "Trie", order: 15 });