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apps/docs/content/sliding-window/424-longest-repeating-character-replacement.mdx

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+---
+title: '424. Longest Repeating Character Replacement'
+description: You are given a string s and an integer k. You can choose any character of the string and change it to any other uppercase English character. You can perform this operation at most k times
+sidebar:
+  label: 'Longest Repeating Character Replacement'
+  badge: 'Medium'
+---
+
+<Badge variant="accent">Hash Table</Badge>
+
+### Example 1:
+- Input: `s = "ABAB", k = 2`
+- Output: `4`
+- Explanation: Replace the two 'A's with two 'B's or vice versa.
+
+### Example 2:
+- Input: `s = "AABABBA", k = 1`
+- Output: `4`
+- Explanation: Replace the one 'A' in the middle with 'B' and form "AABBBBA". The substring "BBBB" has the longest repeating letters, which is `4`. There may exists other ways to achieve this answer too.
+
+### Constraints:
+
+- `1 <= s.length <= 10^5`
+- `s` consists of only uppercase English letters.
+- `0 <= k <= s.length`
+
+## Approach
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+  S(["characterReplacement(s, k)"]) --> I["count = {}, res = 0, l = 0, maxF = 0"]
+  I --> L{"more (r, c) in s?"}
+  L -- no --> E(["return res"])
+  L -- yes --> A["count[c] += 1; maxF = max(maxF, count[c])"]
+  A --> W{"(r - l + 1) - maxF > k? — too many chars to replace"}
+  W -- yes --> P["count[s[l]] -= 1; l += 1 — shrink from the left"]
+  P --> W
+  W -- no --> M["res = max(res, r - l + 1)"]
+  M --> L
+```
+
+## Solution
+
+```py
+class Solution:
+    def characterReplacement(self, s: str, k: int) -> int:
+        count = {}
+        res = 0
+
+        l = 0
+        maxF = 0
+        for r, c in enumerate(s):
+            count[c] = 1 + count.get(c, 0)
+            maxF = max(maxF, count[c])
+
+            while (r - l + 1) - maxF > k:
+                count[s[l]] -= 1
+                l += 1
+
+            res = max(res, r - l + 1)
+        return res
+```
+
+## Explanation
+
+<YouTube id="gqXU1UyA8pk" title="Longest Repeating Character Replacement - Leetcode 424 - Python" />