docs: rename category folders to remove parentheses and update heap meta title

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---
title: '48. Rotate Image'
description: You are given an n x n 2D matrix representing an image, rotate the image by 90 degrees (clockwise)
sidebar:
label: 'Rotate Image'
badge: 'Medium'
---
<Badge variant="accent">Array</Badge>
### Example 1:
- Input: `matrix = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]`
- Output: `[[7,4,1],[8,5,2],[9,6,3]]`
### Example 2:
- Input: `matrix = [[5,1,9,11],[2,4,8,10],[13,3,6,7],[15,14,12,16]]`
- Output: `[[15,13,2,5],[14,3,4,1],[12,6,8,9],[16,7,10,11]]`
### Constraints:
- `n == matrix.length == matrix[i].length`
- `1 <= n <= 20`
- `-1000 <= matrix[i][j] <= 1000`
## Approach
```mermaid
flowchart TD
S(["rotate(matrix)"]) --> N["n = len(matrix)"]
N --> F{"more r in range(n)?"}
F -- yes --> G{"more c in range(r + 1, n)?"}
G -- yes --> T["swap matrix[r][c] and matrix[c][r] — transpose across the diagonal"]
T --> G
G -- no --> F
F -- no --> H{"more r in range(n)?"}
H -- yes --> R["matrix[r].reverse() — transpose then mirror is a clockwise turn"]
R --> H
H -- no --> E(["return None — rotated in place"])
```
## Solution
```py
class Solution:
def rotate(self, matrix: List[List[int]]) -> None:
n = len(matrix)
for r in range(n):
for c in range(r + 1, n):
matrix[r][c], matrix[c][r] = matrix[c][r], matrix[r][c]
for r in range(n):
matrix[r].reverse()
```
## Explanation
<YouTube id="fMSJSS7eO1w" title="Rotate Image - Matrix - Leetcode 48" />
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---
title: '54. Spiral Matrix'
description: Given an m x n matrix, return all elements of the matrix in spiral order
sidebar:
label: 'Spiral Matrix'
badge: 'Medium'
---
<Badge variant="accent">Array</Badge>
### Example 1:
- Input: `matrix = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]`
- Output: `[1,2,3,6,9,8,7,4,5]`
### Example 2:
- Input: `matrix = [[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]]`
- Output: `[1,2,3,4,8,12,11,10,9,5,6,7]`
### Constraints:
- `m == matrix.length`
- `n == matrix[i].length`
- `1 <= m, n <= 10`
- `-100 <= matrix[i][j] <= 100`
## Approach
```mermaid
flowchart TD
S(["spiralOrder(matrix)"]) --> I["res = [], top = 0, bottom = len(matrix) - 1, left = 0, right = len(matrix[0]) - 1"]
I --> W{"top <= bottom and left <= right?"}
W -- no --> E(["return res"])
W -- yes --> T["append matrix[top][c] for c in left..right, then top += 1 — top row, shrink from above"]
T --> R["append matrix[r][right] for r in top..bottom, then right -= 1 — right column"]
R --> B{"top <= bottom?"}
B -- yes --> C["append matrix[bottom][c] for c in right down to left, then bottom -= 1 — bottom row"]
C --> L{"left <= right?"}
B -- no --> L
L -- yes --> D["append matrix[r][left] for r in bottom down to top, then left += 1 — left column"]
D --> W
L -- no --> W
```
## Solution
```py
class Solution:
def spiralOrder(self, matrix: List[List[int]]) -> List[int]:
res = []
top, bottom = 0, len(matrix) - 1
left, right = 0, len(matrix[0]) - 1
while top <= bottom and left <= right:
# 1. Top Row
for c in range(left, right + 1):
res.append(matrix[top][c])
top += 1
# 2. Right Column
for r in range(top, bottom + 1):
res.append(matrix[r][right])
right -= 1
# 3. Bottom Row
if top <= bottom:
for c in range(right, left - 1, -1):
res.append(matrix[bottom][c])
bottom -= 1
# 4. Left Column
if left <= right:
for r in range(bottom, top - 1, -1):
res.append(matrix[r][left])
left += 1
return res
```
## Explanation
<YouTube id="BJnMZNwUk1M" title="Spiral Matrix - Microsoft Interview Question - Leetcode 54" />
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---
title: '73. Set Matrix Zeroes'
description: Given an m x n integer matrix matrix, if an element is 0, set its entire row and column to 0's
sidebar:
label: 'Set Matrix Zeroes'
badge: 'Medium'
---
<Badge variant="accent">Array</Badge>
::::warning
You must do it in place.
::::
### Example 1:
- Input: `matrix = [[1,1,1],[1,0,1],[1,1,1]]`
- Output: `[[1,0,1],[0,0,0],[1,0,1]]`
### Example 2:
- Input: `matrix = [[0,1,2,0],[3,4,5,2],[1,3,1,5]]`
- Output: `[[0,0,0,0],[0,4,5,0],[0,3,1,0]]`
### Constraints:
- `m == matrix.length`
- `n == matrix[0].length`
- `1 <= m, n <= 200`
- `-2^31 <= matrix[i][j] <= 2^31 - 1`
- A straightforward solution using O(mn) space is probably a bad idea.
- A simple improvement uses O(m + n) space, but still not the best solution.
- Could you devise a constant space solution?
## Approach
```mermaid
flowchart TD
S(["setZeroes(matrix)"]) --> I["m = len(matrix), n = len(matrix[0])"]
I --> Z["row0_zero = any(matrix[0][c] == 0), col0_zero = any(matrix[r][0] == 0) — remember before they become markers"]
Z --> F{"more r in range(1, m)?"}
F -- yes --> G{"more c in range(1, n)?"}
G -- yes --> Q{"matrix[r][c] == 0?"}
Q -- yes --> M["matrix[r][0] = 0, matrix[0][c] = 0 — row 0 and column 0 are the marker lists"]
M --> G
Q -- no --> G
G -- no --> F
F -- no --> H{"more r in range(1, m)?"}
H -- yes --> J{"more c in range(1, n)?"}
J -- yes --> K{"matrix[r][0] == 0 or matrix[0][c] == 0?"}
K -- yes --> W["matrix[r][c] = 0"]
W --> J
K -- no --> J
J -- no --> H
H -- no --> A{"row0_zero?"}
A -- yes --> B["matrix[0][c] = 0 for c in range(n)"]
B --> C{"col0_zero?"}
A -- no --> C
C -- yes --> D["matrix[r][0] = 0 for r in range(m)"]
D --> E(["return None — zeroed in place"])
C -- no --> E
```
## Solution
```py
class Solution:
def setZeroes(self, matrix: List[List[int]]) -> None:
"""
Do not return anything, modify matrix in-place instead.
"""
m, n = len(matrix), len(matrix[0])
# 1. remember if row 0 or column 0 have their own zeros
row0_zero = any(matrix[0][c] == 0 for c in range(n))
col0_zero = any(matrix[r][0] == 0 for r in range(m))
# 2. use row 0 and column 0 as marker lists
for r in range(1, m):
for c in range(1, n):
if matrix[r][c] == 0:
matrix[r][0] = 0
matrix[0][c] = 0
# 3. zero the inner cells from the markers
for r in range(1, m):
for c in range(1, n):
if matrix[r][0] == 0 or matrix[0][c] == 0:
matrix[r][c] = 0
# 4. handle row 0 and column 0 last
if row0_zero:
for c in range(n):
matrix[0][c] = 0
if col0_zero:
for r in range(m):
matrix[r][0] = 0
```
## Explanation
<YouTube id="T41rL0L3Pnw" title="Set Matrix Zeroes - In-place - Leetcode 73" />
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import { defineMeta } from "blume";
export default defineMeta({ title: "Matrix Index Math", order: 10 });